Go发起HTTP请求
基本方法请求
1. GET请求
使用http.Get快速发起一个GET请求
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
| func get() {
resp, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
content, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
fmt.Println(string(content))
}
|
content返回的是一个字节数组
2.POST请求
使用http.Post可以快速发起一个POST请求
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
| func post() {
resp, err := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post", "", nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
content, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
fmt.Println(string(content))
}
|
与http.Get不同的是http.Post有三个参数
1
| http.Post(url string, bodyType string, body io.Reader)
|
3.PUT以及其他请求方法
对于除了GET、POST之外的请求方法。Go并没有提供想http.Get、http.Post这样的比较便捷的方法。
对于其他请求方法需要我们先用http.NewRequest方法新建一个请求
然后再用http.DefaultClient.Do方法发送请求
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
| func put() {
resp, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "http://httpbin.org/put", nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
do, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(resp)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer func() { _ = do.Body.Close() }()
rsp, err := io.ReadAll(do.Body)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(string(rsp))
}
|
为请求加一个GET传参以及请求头
为请求加一个get请求有两种方法
修改请求头
请求头修改可以直接在request上面进行修改,比如request.Header.Add("Cookie", "set-cookies")
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
| package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
)
func prinBody(r *http.Response) {
defer r.Body.Close()
data, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(string(data))
}
func main() {
request, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://httpbin.org/get?name=1", nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
request.Header.Add("Cookie", "set-cookies") //设置请求头
do, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(request)
prinBody(do)
}
|
响应信息
获取响应信息
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
| package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
)
func responseBody(r *http.Response) {
data, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(string(data))
}
func main() {
request, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://httpbin.org/get", nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
do, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(request)
defer do.Body.Close()
responseBody(do)
}
|
获取相应状态
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
| package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
)
func status(r *http.Response) {
fmt.Println("response Status:", r.Status)
fmt.Println("response StatusCode:", r.StatusCode)
}
func main() {
request, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://httpbin.org/get", nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
do, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(request)
defer do.Body.Close()
status(do)
}
|
获取相应头
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
| package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
)
func header(r *http.Response) {
fmt.Println(r.Header.Get("content-type"))
}
func main() {
request, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://httpbin.org/get", nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
do, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(request)
defer do.Body.Close()
header(do)
}
|
请求下载文件
使用io.copy方法将响应读取到的io流保存到文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
| package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"os"
)
func downloadFile(url string, filepath string) {
req, err := http.Get(url)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer func() { _ = req.Body.Close() }()
f, err := os.Create(filepath)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
written, err := io.Copy(f, req.Body)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%d bytes downloaded\n", written)
}
func main() {
target := "https://xxx"
downloadFile(target, "tou.jpg")
}
|
显示下载进度
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
| package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"os"
)
func downloadFileProgress(url string, filepath string) {
req, err := http.Get(url)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer func() { _ = req.Body.Close() }()
f, err := os.Create(filepath)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
reader := &Reader{
Reader: req.Body,
Total: req.ContentLength,
}
written, err := io.Copy(f, reader)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%d bytes downloaded\n", written)
}
type Reader struct {
io.Reader
Total int64
Current int64
}
func (r *Reader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
n, err = r.Reader.Read(p)
if n > 0 {
r.Current += int64(n)
if r.Total > 0 {
fmt.Printf("Downloaded %d%%\n", r.Current*100/r.Total)
}
}
return n, err
}
func main() {
target := "https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/sycp/creative_img/202410/7acb2fc39310d2f82f69726b147f491f.jpg@800w_512h_!web-home-carousel-cover.avif" //图片url
downloadFileProgress(target, "tou.jpg")
}
|
POST提交form表单或者json数据
http.Post方法第一个参数是我们要发送数据的url第二个参数是Post的content-type，第三个就是要发送的数据是io.Reader类型的参数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
| package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"strings"
)
func postFrom(ur string) {
param := make(url.Values)
param.Add("name", "Yliken")
param.Encode()
req, err := http.Post(ur,
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
strings.NewReader(param.Encode()),
)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
defer func() { _ = req.Body.Close() }()
rsp, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
fmt.Println(string(rsp))
}
func main() {
target := "http://httpbin.org/post"
postFrom(target)
}
|
用post发送一个json数据
用go发生json数据,需要我们先用json表示出我们要发送的数据。如何再用encoding/json包中的json.Marshal函数进行json编码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
| package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"strings"
)
func postJson(ur string) {
Json := struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
}{
Name: "Yliken",
Age: 18,
}
payload, _ := json.Marshal(Json)
req, err := http.Post(ur,
"application/json",
bytes.NewReader(payload),
)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
defer func() { _ = req.Body.Close() }()
rsp, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
fmt.Println(string(rsp))
}
func main() {
target := "http://httpbin.org/post"
postJson(target)
}
|
wechat
